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What you need to know about carb loading

Get fuelled up for that run.

What is carb loading?

Carb loading is the process of maximising your glycogen stores in preparation for a long, endurance event — long being anything in excess of 90 minutes.

Research suggests that an average 70-kilo male athlete can only store a maximum of between 1,500 and 2,000 calories of carbs in the blood, liver and muscle at any one time so in order to give yourself the best chance of performing to your full potential it’s vitally important to have the ‘tank’ full.

A common mistake made by those who are about to run their first half or full marathon, complete their first 100-kilometre cycle race or triathlon is to consume all before them in the days leading up to the event. This will weigh you down and leave you feeling bloated and sluggish on the day of the event.

So the message is this; you do not need to cook and eat every ounce of pasta in the food aisle.

How to do it

Carb loading should be done in the three- to four-day period leading up to an event where you should aim to eat about 10-12 grams of carbs per kilo of body weight daily. So, if you’re a 70 kilo runner, that’s at least 700 grams of carbohydrates – on top of what you usually eat.

Scientists at the University of Western Australia found that this resulted in a 90% increase in glycogen storage.

A sample daily diet for an athlete carb loading is as follows;

  • Breakfast; Glass of orange juice, bowl of porridge with some chopped banana and flaked almonds.
  • Snack; A muffin, croissant or some toast, buttered with some cream cheese or jam. Wash down with an isotonic sports drink like powerade.
  • Lunch; Soup with two slices of bread, large bagel with as many fillings as you can fit and a natural yoghurt.
  • Snack; A smoothie is good for the mid-afternoon slump, packed with as much fruit as you can fit.
  • Dinner; Two pint glasses of pasta cooked with some parmesan cheese and tomato sauce. Some garlic bread – 3-4 pieces is fine. Wash it down with a diaoralyte and another 500ml isotonic drink. An electrolyte drink is better again.
  • Before bed; Two slices of toast, lathered with Nutella or peanut butter and another chopped banana or sliced avocado.

This daily diet is around 3,500 calories.

Who does it?

Sportsmen and women of all ages have carb loaded since the theory was first introduced in the 1960s. It is most beneficial for long-distance endurance athletes, cyclists, runners, ultra-marathon runners, cross-country skiers, rowers and mountain climbers.

How does your body work during the event?

Your body will process around 60grams of carbs every hour, which translates to around 250 calories. But you’ll most likely be burning more than that every hour – a good spinning class will see you burn 350 calories at least. So it is for this reason that your body ‘digs into’ the glycogen stores you’ve accumulated the last few days.

Is it dangerous?

More a consideration than a concern but carb loading will result in an increased body mass, depending on how much you actually eat. You put on this weight not just because you’re eating more, but because you’re doing less exercise. So that’s concern number one but number two is that this increased storage of glycogen means you need to store more water to help break it down and this leads to that bloated feeling.

For this reason, athletes have now turned towards getting their calorific intake from energy gels, bars and electrolyte drinks. These are all pretty much one thing, sugar but a 55g energy gel can have as much calories as four slices of bread.

Does it actually work?

Some athletes have run extraordinary times after a period of systematic, scheduled carb-loading. More have floundered and cramped and never felt worse, so it’s not a one-size-fits-all process. The bottom line is, it will only add a very small percentage to your overall performance. A good performance is the result of months and months of hard work and discipline, not the product of gorging on sugar. Place far more emphasis on the months before the event, and less the days before.

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20 Comments
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    Mute Inntalitarian
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    Sep 10th 2014, 12:59 PM

    Two pint glasses of pasta?! Jaysus

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    Mute CAPITAINE ADEBAYO
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:07 PM

    Seems a lot alright!

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    Mute Proinsias Ó Foghlú
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:23 PM

    No way could you eat 2 pint glasses of spaghetti, you might manage rigatoni or penne!

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    Mute Neal Ireland Hello
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:08 PM

    Wusses.

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    Mute Mary Lyons
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:20 PM

    Wis I could stop carb loading!!!!

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    Mute Jim McGourty
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    Sep 10th 2014, 11:21 AM

    No carbs in steak.

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    Mute thetruth
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    Sep 10th 2014, 10:34 AM

    The amount of people ive seen who carb load incorrectly. You’ll ask them why they eat past 3 times per week and the answer is they have the gym the next day. You don’t need to eat that much for the gym. Its the reason some people have trouble losing the extra pounds

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    Mute Johnny Five
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:05 PM

    A lot of people seem to think that they can outrun a bad diet. One gym session will amount to about 3 slices of bread.

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    Mute Rob Ward
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:58 PM

    I don’t know why you are being downvoted. Technically you are right.

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    Mute mary carey
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:18 PM

    Yeah, and for maximum carb loading to work, for muscles to ‘absorb’ maximal amounts of carbs, don’t you need to be in a heavily carb depleted state.
    Which means doing a very high intensity training session, pushing very hard, for quite a while to use up the carbs. Hard sessions… Well that hard anyway, can be quite unpleasant.

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    Mute Elaine Ward
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:17 PM

    It’s all fun and games until you’re at the registration for a run and the shhtink of carb farts would bring a tear to a glass eye! Even worse when you’re running directly behind someone who’s basically sharting the entire way to the finish line!

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    Mute Aimie Walsh 
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    Sep 10th 2014, 7:54 PM

    You’re some ticket hahahahaha :)

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    Mute Rob Ward
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    Sep 10th 2014, 1:52 PM

    Carb loading is bunk unless you are in a glycogen depleted state. If you are preparing for an event, and you are already at full glycogen saturation (which you should be the night before a race) all those extra carbs do is to go to storage. The body turns on de nove lipogenesis and stores the excess. You cannot ‘over-saturate’ muscles beyond the maximum amount of glycogen they are capable of storing. You cannot ‘maximise’ the amount.

    [Here](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3165600) is a paper discussing the effect of over-consumption of carbs on body composition.

    All these anecdotal stories of athletes performing well after heavy carb dosing pre-event are just that anecdotal. They are correlation at best, not causation. Telling people to do it because it works is broscience. Can a professional news source not do better? The article could have been short: Carb Loading: What You Need to Know. Then just a single sentence: ‘There is no science to suggest that this can be done.’

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    Mute Ted Carroll
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:40 PM

    That’s complete nonsense Rob, “professional news source”?? You must be stoned! Everything else is perfectly sensible.

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    Mute John Smith
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:01 PM

    I wonder how many people have followed that daily diet and then shit the bed.

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    Mute Johnny
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:45 PM

    Any time I’ve done a run there is always a huge queue outside the shatter in the race hq before the start. I can only assume this is the result of carb loading or else people are on the well timed laxatives. Why bother. I just eat as normal but make sure each meal is complete with a few extra small snacks. My idea of carb loading is an extra spoon of cooked rice or eating the extra few bits of pasta left in the pot but 2 pint glasses (surely couldn’t be dried pasta thats about 300g – 3 times more than you need for an already large bowl of pasta). What a load of coq.

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    Mute Dee4
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    Sep 10th 2014, 2:53 PM

    If I go out for 3 hour cycle in to the Wicklow mountains , I’d have porridge before and bring a couple of bananas with me. For gym work its mostly protein you look for not carbs.

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    Mute Ted Carroll
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    Sep 10th 2014, 3:57 PM

    Right enough, when you finish up make sure you load up on a good balance of carbs and protein, your body will look to replenish the sugar stocks first. It’s not just protein.

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    Mute Sarah Clifford
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    Sep 10th 2014, 9:11 PM

    The words chemical shit storm spring to mind reading that diet plan.

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    Mute stuohy
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    Sep 11th 2014, 9:11 AM

    I don’t know about determining when to pre-event carb load. But since starting to cycling to work (20 mile round trip) every day. I am basically constantly hungry. Do you think the work canteen will do me a dinner at 9:10am?

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